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1.
Rev. med. Chile ; 150(10): 1310-1316, oct. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1431845

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The treatment of Crohn's disease (CD) is based on medical therapy and surgery is reserved for failure of medical management or complications. AIM: To evaluate endoscopic, clinical, and surgical recurrence of CD after surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a prospectively maintained database, consecutive patients older than 15 years subjected to an ileocecal resection for ileocolic disease from January 2011 to April 2021, were identified. The diagnosis of CD was confirmed with the pathologic report. Patients with less than one year of follow-up were excluded. Information was obtained retrospectively from the database and clinical records. RESULTS: Fourteen patients were identified. The mean age at the time of surgery was 38 years. Surgery was performed at a median of 41.5 months (0-300) after the diagnosis of CD, nine elective and five emergency procedures. In five patients there were four major and two minor postoperative complications, with no anastomotic leakage. Six patients had endoscopic recurrence and seven had clinical recurrence (50%) at a mean of 15 months, one of whom required a second operation. There was no mortality. CONCLUSIONS: After the surgical treatment of CD, the clinical and endoscopic recurrence rate continues to be high.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Crohn Disease/surgery , Crohn Disease/diagnosis , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Recurrence , Cecum/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Endoscopy , Ileum/surgery
2.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 31(1): 21-27, mayo 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1103271

ABSTRACT

The new Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) appeared in China in December 2019. Since then and until April 2020 it spread worldwide affecting more than three million people. Its exponential rise is still growing all over the world, taking thousands of lives. SARS-CoV-2 is very contagious, person to person, by droplets which can generate a respiratory infection known as COVID-19. Some patients are at higher risk: Older people, those with cardiovascular disease, diabetes and hypertension are the most prone to an unfavorable outcome. Our Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients are a special cluster, with many of them taking immunosuppressive treatment for long periods, which could pose an important risk. Scientifics societies all over the world have joined efforts to generate data, share experiences and make recommendations for good clinical management. This is a review of the available evidence, expert opinion, and proposed ways of working during the pandemic


El nuevo coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) apareció en China en diciembre de 2019. Desde su inicio hasta abril de 2020 se ha expandido por todo el mundo, afectando a más de tres millones de personas. Su ascenso exponencial sigue creciendo, generando miles de muertes. Su contagiosidad es persona a persona por gotitas, pudiendo llegar a generar un cuadro clínico de infección respiratoria conocido como COVID-19. Algunos pacientes tienen más riesgos de tener un curso desfavorable; adultos mayores, pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular, hipertensos y diabéticos. Nuestros pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal son un grupo de pacientes con características particulares, muchos de ellos reciben tratamiento inmunosupresor por largos períodos, lo que pudiese suponer un riesgo específico. Las sociedades científicas de Europa y Norteamérica han realizado un esfuerzo conjunto para generar datos, compartir experiencias y dictar recomendaciones de buen manejo clínico. Esta es una revisión de la evidencia disponible, opiniones de expertos y formas de trabajo propuestos durante la pandemia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/therapy , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Betacoronavirus , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/drug therapy , Risk Factors , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Risk Assessment , Pandemics
4.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 26(4): 191-197, 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-982675

ABSTRACT

Colon preparation is more effective if it is partially or totally administered the same day of the colonoscopy. Objective: To know acceptance of a preparation guideline for the same day of the procedure and adherence to this guideline once it is implemented in a digestive endoscopy center. Methods: First, the importance of a preparation guideline for the same day was explained and adult patients and accompanying persons with preparation in the previous day were asked if they would be willing to prepare for the colonoscopy 4-5 h before the procedure. In the second stage, adult patients were surveyed who received instructions to prepare using polyethylene glycol solution (3 litres) the same day of the procedure. Results: 160 people were surveyed in phase one. 86 percent was willing to get up at 4 am to drink the solution, without statistical correlation with the other variables studied. 42.7 percent would prefer to split the doses and 39 percent would drink all the same day. 102 people were surveyed in phase two. 92 percent drank the preparation totally or partially the same day of the procedure (69 percent and 25 percent, respectively). 82 percent drank at least 80 percent of the dose. 51.5 percent described the preparation process as quite or very unpleasant. 45 percent would prefer colonoscopy preparation in the previous day. Conclusions: In our experience, most patients would accept preparation in the same day of the procedure and adhere to this, however, almost 50 percent would prefer to take it the previous day, in a future procedure.


La preparación de colon es más efectiva si es administrada parcial o totalmente el mismo día de la colonoscopia. Objetivo: Conocer la aceptación a una pauta de preparación al menos en parte el mismo día de la colonoscopia y adherencia a esta una vez implementada en un Centro de Endoscopia Digestiva. Métodos: Primero se explicó la importancia de una pauta de preparación el mismo día y se encuestó a pacientes adultos y acompañantes a estudio endoscópico con preparación exclusiva el día anterior si estarían dispuestos a realizar preparación para colonoscopia 4-5 h antes de la prueba. En la segunda fase se encuestó a pacientes adultos a los que se había indicado preparación con solución de polietilenglicol (3 litros) el mismo día del procedimiento. Resultados: En la fase 1 se encuestó a 160 personas. El 86 por ciento aceptaría levantarse a las 4 AM para tomar la preparación, sin relación estadística con las demás variables estudiadas. El 42,7 porciento preferirían tomar la dosis en forma repartida y 39 por ciento preferían beber todo el mismo día. En la fase 2 se encuestó a 102 personas. El 92 porciento tomó la preparación total o parcialmente el mismo día del examen (69 por ciento y 25 por ciento respectivamente). El 82 porciento tomó al menos 80 por ciento de la cantidad indicada. El 51,5 porciento calificó el proceso de la preparación como bastante o muy desagradable. El 45porciento preferiría en colonoscopias futuras la preparación el día anterior. Conclusiones: En nuestro medio, la mayoría de los pacientes aceptarían la pauta de preparación el mismo día de la prueba y adhieren a esta, aunque casi la mitad preferiría tomarla el día anterior en el futuro.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Colonoscopy/methods , Patient Compliance , Preoperative Care/methods , Polyethylene Glycols/administration & dosage , Surveys and Questionnaires
5.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 24(3): 114-120, 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-763445

ABSTRACT

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is considered an agent involved in reactivation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In our country there are no studies or guidelines to standardize CMV search in that setting. Objective: To describe the prevalence of CMV infection in hospitalized patients with IBD. Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients hospitalized due to IBD crisis from June 2007 to June 2009 at a university health center. Electronic cards, laboratory data, and endoscopic study were reviewed. CMV reactivation was diagnosed by means of antigenemia assay, and/or histopathology. Results: 88 IBD crises were identified (74 patients), in 52 a CMV study was requested (47 with antigenemia assay). Mean age was 38.5 years-old, 54 percent female, ulcerative colitis 67.3 percent, Crohn disease 32.7 percent. IBD crisis were classified as follows; severe 57.7 percent, moderate or mild 42.3 percent. The CMV diagnosis test was positive in 5 cases (9.6 percent), all of them were severe crisis (16.6 percent in severe crisis versus 0 percent in moderate/mild crisis, p = 0.055). In the group of steroid resistant disease the CMV antigenemia was positive in 66.6 percent versus 2.17 percent of non-steroid resistant patients (p = 0.0002). Test to detect CMV performed after the third day of hospitalization were positive in 36.36 percent versus those performed earlier, which were positive in 2.43 percent (p = 0.004). Conclusion: High prevalence of CMV infection in cases of severe IBD crisis was detected, specifically in a subgroup of steroid-resistant patients and three days after hospital admission. These findings suggest the importance to search CMV in this subgroup of patients.


Introducción: El citomegalovirus (CMV) puede participar en la reactivación de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII). En nuestro medio no se ha estudiado el rol de CMV en pacientes hospitalizados por crisis de EII. Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de la reactivación de CMV en crisis de EII que requirieron hospitalización. Métodos: Análisis retrospectivo de pacientes hospitalizados en un centro de salud universitario por EII entre junio de 2007 y junio de 2009. Se revisaron registros clínicos electrónicos, laboratorio y estudio endoscópico. La reactivación de CMV se diagnosticó mediante antigenemia y/o histología. Resultados: Se identificaron 88 crisis de EII (74 pacientes), en 52 se solicitó estudio de CMV (47 con antigenemia). 67,3 por ciento fueron colitis ulcerosa; 32,7 por ciento enfermedad de Crohn. Edad promedio 38,5 años, 54 por ciento sexo femenino. La exacerbación fue catalogada como grave en 57,7 por ciento de los casos, moderada o leve en 42,3 por ciento. Se detectó reactivación de CMV en 5 pacientes (9,6 por ciento), los que se caracterizaron por presentar crisis grave (16,6 por ciento en crisis grave versus 0 por ciento en crisis leve/moderada, p = 0,055), refractariedad a corticoides (66,6 por ciento en corticorrefractarios versus 2,17 por ciento en sensibles a corticoides, p = 0,0002) y hospitalización mayor de 3 días (36,36 por ciento en hospitalización > 3 días versus 2,43 por ciento en estudio temprano, p = 0,004). Conclusión: En pacientes hospitalizados por crisis de EII es frecuente detectar evidencia de reactivación de CMV, la que se concentra en las crisis graves, corticorrefractarias y con hospitalización mayor de 3 días. Estos datos sugieren que la búsqueda de CMV debiera ser dirigida a este subgrupo de pacientes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Cytomegalovirus/physiology , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/complications , Cytomegalovirus Infections/epidemiology , Colitis, Ulcerative/complications , Crohn Disease/complications , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/virology , Prevalence , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Virus Activation
6.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 138(1): 109-116, ene. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-542056

ABSTRACT

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology that affects a variable length of the colon, starting from the rectum. When the disease is confined to the rectum is called ulcerative proctitis (UP). Several studies have unsuccessfully attempted to determine the factors that determine the extent of involvement. The goals of therapy in UP are to induce and maintain remission of symptoms and disease. Topical treatment with 5-aminosalicylates (5-ASA) is the treatment of choice to induce remission. In the maintenance phase, long-term follow up studies suggest that treatment with 5-ASA is better than placebo, to maintain the disease inactive. For those patients that do not respond to treatment with topical 5-ASA or have a moderate to severe disease, there are additional therapies such as oral 5-ASA, topical or systemic corticosteroids, immunomodulators, biological therapies (Infliximab) and cyclosporine. Surgery is seldom needed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Colitis, Ulcerative/drug therapy , Proctitis/drug therapy , Administration, Oral , Administration, Topical , Aminosalicylic Acids/therapeutic use
7.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 137(7): 923-927, jul. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-527132

ABSTRACT

We report a 66 year-old woman with a history of pulmonary sarcoidosis, diagnosed with a lung biopsy in 1993 and treated with prednisone for 2 years. She presented at our institution in 1999 with a stage IV disease and important functional and clinical impairment. A bronchial biopsy disclosed non caseating granulomas. Tuberculosis was intensively studied and persistently negative. Due to frequent nausea and vomiting an endoscopic gastric biopsy was performed which revealed non caseating granulomas involving the gastric mucosa. There was no evidence of Helicobacter pylori and stains for fungi and acid-fast bacilli were negative. Treatment with prednisone relieved digestive symptoms, although a control biopsy of the gastric mucosa revealed persistence of non caseating granulomas. Both lung stage IV and gastric sarcoidosis are uncommon forms of the disease.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary/pathology , Sarcoidosis/pathology , Stomach Diseases/pathology
8.
Rev. chil. cir ; 60(1): 35-40, feb. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-491785

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La proctocolectomía con reservorio íleal y anastomosis reservorio anal, (RIARA) es actualmente el procedimiento de elección en el tratamiento quirúrgico electivo de la colitis ulcerosa (CU). La colectomía total y anastomosis íleorrectal (AIR), está indicada en un seleccionado grupo de pacientes. Algunos pacientes sometidos a estas operaciones por aparente CU pueden evolucionar como una enfermedad de Crohn (EC). Objetivo: Comunicar el curso y pronóstico de pacientes que evolucionaron como EC luego de un tratamiento quirúrgico por una aparente CU. Materiales y métodos: Se identificaron a los pacientes que tuviesen tratamiento quirúrgico por CU, en el periodo 1978 al 2003. Se seleccionaron a los pacientes en los cuales en su evolución se cambió el diagnóstico a EC. En ellos se analizaron las variables quirúrgicas y su evolución posterior. Resultados: En el periodo mencionado se operaron 114 pacientes por CU. En 9 pacientes (8 por ciento) el diagnóstico cambió a EC, basado principalmente en la evolución clínica alejada y/o por estudio histológico: 3 de 20 (15 por ciento) después de una colectomía total con AIR y 6 de 84 (7 por ciento) después de una proctocolectomía con RIARA. Las localizaciones más frecuentes de las manifestaciones de la EC fueron el canal anal y periné. El tratamiento incluyó procedimientos quirúrgicos y tratamiento médico con antiinflamatorios y/o inmunomoduladores. Dos pacientes con una colectomía con AIR necesitaron una proctectomía e ileostomía. Se extirpó el reservorio en 1 de 6 pacientes con RIARA. En resumen, una minoría de pacientes sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico con el diagnóstico de CU evoluciona posteriormente como una EC. El tratamiento combinado médico quirúrgico contribuye a una baja incidencia de pérdida del reservorio ileal.


Bakground: Proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is at present the procedure of choice for elective surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) can be indicated in selected patients. Some patients submitted to these operations for apparent UC may subsequently evolve as Crohn's disease (CD). Objective: To report the course and prognosis of patients who evolved as CD after surgical treatment for apparent UC. Material and method: All the patients who had a surgical treatment for UC, from 1978 to 2003 were included. We identified the patients in which on follow-up the diagnosis changed to CD. Of these patients surgical variables and follow up were analyzed. Results: 114 patients were operated in this period for UC. In 9 patients (8 percent) their diagnosis changed to CD, based principally on subsequent clinical course and/or histological study: 3 of 20 (15 percent) after a total colectomy and IRA and in 6 of 84 (7 percent) after a proctocolectomy with IPAA. The anal canal and perineum were the most frequent localization of CD. Treatment included surgical procedures and medical treatment with anti-inflammatory and/or inmunomodulators. Two patients with a colectomy with IRA needed a proctectomy and ileostomy. Removal of ileal pouch was necessary on 1 of 6 with IPAA. In conclusion a minority of patients operated with the diagnosis of UC evolved as CD. Combined medical and surgical treatment contributed to a low rate of ileal pouch lost.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Colonic Pouches , Colectomy/methods , Colitis, Ulcerative/surgery , Colitis, Ulcerative/diagnosis , Crohn Disease/surgery , Crohn Disease/diagnosis , Clinical Evolution , Prognosis
9.
Acta cancerol ; 35(1): 9-14, ene.-jun. 2007. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-673577

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Pese a los avances experimentados en el tratamiento de cáncer de cuello uterino, existe un grupo de pacientes en quienes los resultados siguen siendo malos, y son los casos de cáncer cervical localmente avanzado, sobre los que existe controversia acerca del tratamiento inicial. Para algunos casos se podría usar la quimioterapia neoadyuvante que en el momento actual se encuentra en fase experimental. Material y métodos: Se evaluaron en forma retrospectiva las historias clínicas de 50 pacientes. Veinte pacientes que fueron tratadas con quimioterapia neoadyuvante y 30 tratadas con radioterapia en forma integral. Resultados: La mayoría de pacientes tenían 30 a 40 años, fueron estadio IB2 y de histología epidermoide, medianamente diferenciado. De las 20 pacientes que recibieron quimioterapia neoadyuvante, el 70% de pacientes respondieron a la quimioterapia, una presentó recurrencia pélvica a los 8 meses y falleció a los 14 meses. 20% no tuvieron variación de la tumoración. Todas fueron operadas presentando sólo una de ellas compromiso parametrial en la pieza operatoria por lo que recibió radioterapia complementaria. 10% presentó progresión de enfermedad durante la quimioterapia, por lo que recibieron radioterapia sin cirugía. El esquema de quimioterapia más usado fue Cisplatino a la dosis de 100 mg/m2 y Paclitaxel 75 mg/m2, en 2 ó 3 cursos. La sobrevida global del grupo de QTNA fue de 76.39% a 5 años y la sobrevida libre de enfermedad de 77.78% y en el grupo de radioterapia 75.97 y 76.01% respectivamente. Conclusiones: El tratamiento con QTNA para pacientes básicamente con estadios IB2 y IIA mayores de 4 cm, es una estrategia terapéutica aceptable, con una sobrevida comparada con la lograda con el tratamiento con radioterapia sola, que se puede aplicar sin riesgos de toxicidad, no es muy costosa y asegura a la paciente un tratamiento quirúrgico complementario que le permita disfrutar de las ventajas de la cirugía.


Introduction: In spite of the advances experienced in the processing of the cervix cancers, a type of patients exists in Vich the results continue being bad, and are the cases of locally advanced cervical carcinoma, on which disparity of criteria exists on the initial processing to use. For these cases it could be indicated and neoadjuvant chemotherapy that at the present moment it can be considered is in experimental phase. Material and methods: Medical records were revised from 50 patients. Twenty were treated with radiotherapy as integral form. Results: Most of patients they had 30 to 40 years, were stage IB2 and of epidermoid histology, moderately differentiated. Of the 20 patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 70% of patients responded to the chemotherapy, one presented pelvic recurrence to the 8 months and dead to the 14 months. 20% did not have variation of the tumor. All was operated. Only one of them with parametrial commitment in the operating piece received complementary radiotherapy. 10% presented progression of disease during the chemotherapy, reason why they received radiotherapy without surgery. The scheme of chemotherapy more used went Cisplatin (100 mg/m2) and Paclitaxel (75 mg/m2), in 2 or 3 courses. The overall survival of the QTNA group went of 76.39% to 5 years and the disease free survival went 77.78%. In the group of radiotherapy they were 75.97 and 76.01% respectively. Conclusions: The treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients with stages IB2 and IIA greater of 4 cm, is an acceptable therapeutic strategy, with a survival compared with the obtained with radiotherapy, that can be applied without toxicity risks, not very expensive and it assures to the patient a complementary surgical treatment that allows him to enjoy the advantages of the surgery.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Medical Illustration , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/drug therapy , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant , Retrospective Studies
11.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 130(7): 723-730, jul. 2002. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-323245

ABSTRACT

Background: Cholelithiasis is the second cause of hospital admissions in Chile. Aim: To study the prevalence of symptomatic gallstone disease and opportunity of cholecystectomy in La Florida, Santiago and among Mapuche Indians in Huapi Island. Patients and methods: In the period 2000-2001, we contacted to 71 percent (1127 subjects) and to 61 percent (145 subjects) patients of La Florida and Huapi Island, respectively, that had previously participated in an epidemiological study on cholelithiasis in 1993. We defined symptomatic gallstone patients as those with a history of biliary colic. Each patient was subjected to gallbladder ultrasound. Results: In 1993, 30-35 percent of gallstone patients were symptomatic (&70 percent women). During the lapse 1993-2001, only 50 percent of subjects from La Florida and 25 percent of patients from Huapi Island were cholecystectomized (p <0.05). Fifty percent of cholecystectomies were emergency operations. In 38 symptomatic Mapuche Indians from Huapi, cholecystectomy was indicated in 2001. After five months of the indication, only one of these subjects had been operated. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy represented 40 percent of all cholecystectomies performed in the National Health Service Hospitals. Conclusions: This study demonstrates an unacceptable high prevalence of symptomatic gallstone patients remaining non-operated in both the urban and rural communities. This reciprocally correlates with the high frequency of emergency cholecystectomies and the high incidence of gallbladder cancer among Chileans. This study contrasts negatively with the situation of Scotland, where 73.5 percent of cholecystectomies were laparoscopic in 1998-1999. To reach Scotland standards, the Chilean Public Health System should increase the number of cholecystectomies from 27,000 in 2001 to 57,510


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Cholecystectomy , Cholelithiasis , Indians, South American , Cholelithiasis , Natural History of Diseases , Rural Population/statistics & numerical data , Urban Population/statistics & numerical data
13.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 129(6): 620-5, jun. 2001. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-295390

ABSTRACT

Background: The clinical parameters for the suspicion of Clostridium difficile infections, namely the use of antimicrobials and diarrhea, have a low predictive value for the diagnosis. Aim: To search other clinical variables and determine a clinical prediction model for (Clostridium difficile diarrhea. Patients and methods: All patients to whom a Clostridium difficile study was requested, were prospectively studied during 5 months. Clinical variables of these patients were registered. The diagnosis of Clostridium difficile was done using the cytotoxicity test in fibroblast cultures. Results: Ninety two patients were analyzed and in 26, the diagnosis of Clostridium difficile was confirmed. A logistic regression model disclosed an age over 60 years old, the presence of mucus in the stools and a temperature over 37.8 ­C in the previous 24 h, as significant predictors of the infection. The correlation of the model, between the predicted probability and the observed condition, was 81.5 per cent. Conclusions: The presence of the clinical variables identified in this study are associated with a high probability of an infection by Clostridium difficile in patients with diarrhea and the recent use of antimicrobials


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/diagnosis , Clostridioides difficile/pathogenicity , Diarrhea/etiology , Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/etiology , Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/drug therapy , Prospective Studies , Clostridioides difficile/isolation & purification , Clostridioides difficile/drug effects , Diarrhea/diagnosis , Diarrhea/drug therapy , Feces/microbiology , Fibroblasts/microbiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Clinical Diagnosis , Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
14.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 17(4): 313-20, 2000. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-282202

ABSTRACT

Clostridium difficile es el principal patógeno asociado a diarrea por uso de antibióticos y/o colitis psedomembranosa en pacientes hospitalizados. El diagnóstico se basa en la sospecha clínica y presencia de un test de laboratorio positivo para la detección de toxina de C. difficile, considerándose como confirmatorio el test de citotoxicidad. Recientemente se han introducido varios inmunoensayos que permiten el diagnóstico rápido; sin embargo, presentan sencibilidad y especificidad variables por lo que requiere ser evaluados por el método de referencia. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la correlación entre cinco inmunoensayos y el test confirmatorio de citotoxicidad. Para esto se estudiaron las muestras de deposiciones de 60 pacientes hospitalizados con sospecha clínica de diarrea por C. difficile mediante 4 inmunoensayos: 3 ELISA (ToxA Meridian©, Tox A Becton Dickinson© y Tox A + B TechLab© y 1 ensayo inmunocromatográfico tipo tarjeta: Inmunocard Tox A Meridian©. Cuarenta y seis muestras de las 60 se evaluaron por un test tipo tarjeta de reciente introducción: C. difficile ToxA Oxoid©. Como test confirmatorio se consideró el test de citotoxicidad. La sencibilidad fueron respectivamente: para ToxA Meridian© 95,7 y 78.8 por ciento, Tox A Becton Dickinson© 100 y 94,4 por ciento, Tox A + B TechLab© 91.3 y 86,5 por ciento. Inmunocard Tox A Meridian© 87 y 94,6 por ciento y C. difficile ToxA Oxoid© 94,7 y 96,3 por ciento. De acuerdo a los resultados, los test más recomendables serían Tox A Becton Dickinson© y C. difficile ToxA Oxoid©. Según el equipamiento y requerimientos de tiempos de respuestas de cada laboratorio, se debe establecer el tipo de inmunoensayo a utilizar


Subject(s)
Humans , Clostridioides difficile/isolation & purification , Diarrhea/diagnosis , Cross Infection/diagnosis , Clostridioides difficile/pathogenicity , Diarrhea/etiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Feces/microbiology , Prospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Latex Fixation Tests/methods , Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic/methods
15.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 127(12): 1487-91, dic. 1999. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-258074

ABSTRACT

We report a 72 years old diabetic male that, after the use of combined amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, developed pruritus and jaundice. Liver function tests showed serum total bilirubin of 4.3 mg/dL aspartate aminotransferase 140 U/l (normal <35 U/L), alanine aminotransferase 470 U/L (normal <40) and alkaline phosphatases of 400 U/L (normal <100). Serology for hepatitis A, B and C viruses was negative, ERCP showed a normal biliary tree and liver biopsy disclosed a cholestatic hepatitis. Ursodeoxycholic was started to relieve pruritus. Liver function tests improved shortly thereafter, suggesting that this drug may be useful in the treatment of drug induced cholestasis


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/physiopathology , Amoxicillin/adverse effects , Clavulanic Acid/adverse effects , Cholestasis/diagnosis , Alkaline Phosphatase/blood , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/drug therapy , Hyperbilirubinemia , Ursodeoxycholic Acid/therapeutic use
16.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 125(8): 899-904, ago. 1997. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-207127

ABSTRACT

Eight patients received 80 units of BoTx. Assessment of response was based on changes in the symptom scores (0-9) and esophageal manometric studies. Results: Six out of 8 patients (75 percent) had sustained clinical improvement after therapy. This effect was maintained for a mean time of 17.8 months. The symptom score decreased from a mean of 6.7 to 0.5 (p < 0.01) and after treatment, LES pressure decreased from 63 to 25.5 mm Hg (p = 0.07).l There were no serious adverse effects. Five of the six responders have relapsed. Two of these patients received a second BoTx infection with satisfactory results, two went to surgery and one refused other type of therapy and died of pneumonia. Conclusions: Intrasphincteric BoTx injection is a simple, safe and effective method of treatment in patients with achalasia, with a duration of response averaging 1.5 years. Its use may be suggested in some patients with high surgical risk and those who refuse a more invastive therapy. It is also useful in malnourished patients to attain an adequate nutritional status before surgery


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Esophageal Achalasia/drug therapy , Botulinum Toxins/administration & dosage , Esophagogastric Junction
17.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 125(3): 323-7, mar. 1997. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-194835

ABSTRACT

Kikuchi and Fujimoto disease is a benign subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis, probably associated to a viral infection, that affects mostly young Asian women. We report a 19 years old woman, with a vast familiar history of thyroid disease (3 uncles with papillary thyroid carcinoma and one with Hashimoto thyroiditis). After an upper respiratory infection, she presented with painless cervical adenopathies. Cervical ultrasound examination detected an 8 mm thyroidal nodule. She was operated with the diagnosis of thyroidal cancer. The pathological examination confirmed that the nodule was papillary thyroidal cancer, but the study of the resected lymph nodes, revealed a Kikuchi and Fujimoto disease


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology , Lymphadenitis/pathology
18.
Acta cancerol ; 25(1): 7-12, mar. 1995. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-177916

ABSTRACT

El cáncer de cuello uterino es la neoplasia más frecuente en la mujer peruana y representa uno de los principales problemas de salud pública en nuestro medio. La causa del cáncer de cuello uterino es considerada multifactorial, siendo la edad temprana de la primera relación sexual y la poliandria, reportadas como los factores de riesgo más importantes. Entre enero de 1988 y julio de 1990 en el Departamento de Detección y Diagnóstico, del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas se diseñó un estudio de casos y controles, con la finalidad de determinar el perfil del riesgo de cáncer de cuello uterino de la mujer peruana. Se estudió 644 personas: 161 parejas casos y 161 parejas controles, con la finalidad de evaluar los factores de riesgo de cáncer de cuello uterino, analizándose edad, vida sexual, alimentación, higiene sexual, hábitos, uso de anticonceptivos, antecedentes de Papanicolau y enfermedades venéreas previas, entre otros factores. Los datos se analizaron usando un modelo de "regresión logística multivariante" para un estudio de caso-control. Al inicio del análisis hubieron 27 variables para los hombres y 17 para las mujeres, habiéndose reducido el número de ellas -sin perder información- al emplearse un análisis de "componentes principales". "La regresión logística multivariante" estableció que los factores de riesgo más importantes fueron: abortos antes del primer parto (APP), número de gestaciones (NGES), edad de la primera relación sexual de la mujer (EPRS), uso del preservativo por parte del hombre (PRESERV), edad de la menarquia (MENR) y número de abortos (ABORT). Para estos factores se obtuvieron los ODDS RATIOS siguientes: a) No uso de preservativo. OR:4.938 (IC 95 por ciento, 1.82-13.39); b) APP,OR: 2.815 (IC 95 por ciento, 1.25-6.29); c) EPRS, OR:2.483 (IC 95 por ciento, 1.564-3.94) y NGES. OR, 1.945 (IC 95 por ciento, 1.20-3.13). Los resultados del presente estudio sugieren que el cáncer de cuello uterino puede ser una enfermedad de transmisión sexual


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/etiology , Peru/epidemiology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology
19.
Acta cancerol ; 24(2): 32-41, jun. 1994. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-154667

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de 157 pacientes portadores de neoplasia maligna germinal de ovario atendidas en el Departamento de Ginecología del INEN (Lima-Perú) durante los períodos enero 1980-diciembre 1993. Estos 157 casos representan el 14.05 por ciento de las NM de ovario de éste periodo. El tipo histológico más frecuente fue el disgerminoma (50.4 por ciento), el tumor del seno endodermal (16.5 por ciento), T.G. mixto (15.9 por ciento), teratoma inmaduro (14.6 por ciento), coriocarcinoma (1.3 por ciento) y cacinoma embrionario (1.3 por ciento). La edad de presentación promedio fue 17.26 semanas y el sítoma principal fue el dolor en 42 por ciento. De los 201 pacientes, 157 (64.4 por ciento) fueron tratados quirurgicamente en nuestra institución (64.4 por ciento), ya sea en forma primaria o re-exploración: 56 pacientes (35.6 por ciento) tuvieron solo cirugía en otra institución. En la re-exploración (50 casos) se encontró sub-estadiaje del orden 30-40 por ciento. El estadio cínico quirúrgico-patológico (101 pacientes) mostró: I (38 pac.), II (4 pac.), III (51 pac.) y IV (8 pac.), 121 pacientes tuvieron un seguimiento global de 31 meses. Analizándose los dos grandes grupos (disgerminoma y no disgerminoma) la sobrevida global de 5 años fue de 81 por ciento con el régimen quimioterápico a base de platino, 42 pacientes tuvieron un tratamiento quimioterápico complementario a base de platino, se realizaron 9 second look y en ninguno se encontró enfermedad con un promedio de seguimiento de 14.5 meses (SEE). Hubieron 8 pacientes (19.1 por ciento) que presentaron resistencia a la Qt (PVB), utilizándose Qt de rescate sin efectividad alguna. Factores pronósticos evaluados: La enfermedad residual (> o < de 2 cm) y el manejo quirúrgico (conservador vs no conservador) no mostraron diferencias significativas. En conclusión estamos ante una neoplasia maligna con mayor incidencia en la segunda década de la vida, quimio-sensible; que gracias a los agentes quimioterápicos actuales nos permiten realizar un manejo conservador con el objeto de mantener la fertilidad de las pacientes. Quedando aún por resolver al 20 por ciento de pacientes quimio-resistentes a los esquemas tradicionales.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Ovarian Neoplasms/surgery , Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis , Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology , Ovarian Neoplasms/etiology , Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology , Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy , Ovarian Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Ovarian Neoplasms/epidemiology , Dysgerminoma/classification , Dysgerminoma/diagnosis , Dysgerminoma/therapy
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